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400 MHz to 6 GHz Quadrature Demodulator ADL5380 FEATURES Operating RF and LO frequency: 400 MHz to 6 GHz Input IP3 30 dBm @ 900 MHz 28 dBm @1900 MHz Input IP2: >65 dBm @ 900 MHz Input P1dB (IP1dB): 11.6 dBm @ 900 MHz Noise figure (NF) 10.9 dB @ 900 MHz 11.7 dB @ 1900 MHz Voltage conversion gain: ~7 dB Quadrature demodulation accuracy @ 900 MHz Phase accuracy: ~0.2 Amplitude balance: ~0.07 dB Demodulation bandwidth: ~390 MHz Baseband I/Q drive: 2 V p-p into 200 Single 5 V supply FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM ENBL ADJ ADL5380 BIAS IHI ILO LOIP RFIN V2I RFIP QUADRATURE PHASE SPLITTER LOIN QHI Figure 1. APPLICATIONS Cellular W-CDMA/GSM/LTE Microwave point-to-(multi)point radios Broadband wireless and WiMAX GENERAL DESCRIPTION The ADL5380 is a broadband quadrature I-Q demodulator that covers an RF/IF input frequency range from 400 MHz to 6 GHz. With a NF = 10.9 dB, IP1dB = 11.6 dBm, and IIP3 = 29.7 dBm @ 900 MHz, the ADL5380 demodulator offers outstanding dynamic range suitable for the demanding infrastructure direct-conversion requirements. The differential RF inputs provide a well-behaved broadband input impedance of 50 and are best driven from a 1:1 balun for optimum performance. Excellent demodulation accuracy is achieved with amplitude and phase balances of ~0.07 dB and ~0.2, respectively. The demodulated in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) differential outputs are fully buffered and provide a voltage conversion gain of ~7 dB. The buffered baseband outputs are capable of driving a 2 V p-p differential signal into 200 . The fully balanced design minimizes effects from second-order distortion. The leakage from the LO port to the RF port is <-50 dBm. Differential dc offsets at the I and Q outputs are typically <20 mV. Both of these factors contribute to the excellent IIP2 specification, which is >65 dBm. The ADL5380 operates off a single 4.75 V to 5.25 V supply. The supply current is adjustable by placing an external resistor from the ADJ pin to either the positive supply, VS, (to increase supply current and improve IIP3) or to ground (which decreases supply current at the expense of IIP3). The ADL5380 is fabricated using the Analog Devices, Inc., advanced silicon-germanium bipolar process and is available in a 24-lead exposed paddle LFCSP. Rev. 0 Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A. Tel: 781.329.4700 www.analog.com Fax: 781.461.3113 (c)2009 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. 07585-001 QLO ADL5380 TABLE OF CONTENTS Features .............................................................................................. 1 Applications ....................................................................................... 1 Functional Block Diagram .............................................................. 1 General Description ......................................................................... 1 Revision History ............................................................................... 2 Specifications..................................................................................... 3 Absolute Maximum Ratings............................................................ 5 ESD Caution .................................................................................. 5 Pin Configuration and Function Descriptions ............................. 6 Typical Performance Characteristics ............................................. 7 Low Band Operation .................................................................... 7 Midband Operation ................................................................... 11 High Band Operation ................................................................ 14 Distributions for fLO = 900 MHz ............................................... 17 Distributions for fLO = 1900 MHz............................................. 18 Distributions for fLO = 2700 MHz............................................. 19 Distributions for fLO = 3600 MHz............................................. 20 Distributions for fLO = 5800 MHz............................................. 21 Circuit Description ......................................................................... 22 LO Interface................................................................................. 22 V-to-I Converter ......................................................................... 22 Mixers .......................................................................................... 22 Emitter Follower Buffers ........................................................... 22 Bias Circuit .................................................................................. 22 Applications Information .............................................................. 23 Basic Connections ...................................................................... 23 Power Supply............................................................................... 23 Local Oscillator (LO) Input ...................................................... 23 RF Input ....................................................................................... 24 Baseband Outputs ...................................................................... 24 Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) Performance ........................... 24 Low IF Image Rejection............................................................. 25 Example Baseband Interface ..................................................... 26 Characterization Setups ................................................................. 30 Evaluation Board ............................................................................ 32 Thermal Grounding and Evaluation Board Layout............... 34 Outline Dimensions ....................................................................... 35 Ordering Guide .......................................................................... 35 REVISION HISTORY 7/09--Revision 0: Initial Version Rev. 0 | Page 2 of 36 ADL5380 SPECIFICATIONS VS = 5 V, TA = 25C, fLO = 900 MHz, fIF = 4.5 MHz, PLO = 0 dBm, ZO = 50 , unless otherwise noted. Baseband outputs differentially loaded with 450 . Loss of the balun used to drive the RF port was de-embedded from these measurements. Table 1. Parameter OPERATING CONDITIONS LO and RF Frequency Range LO INPUT Input Return Loss LO Input Level I/Q BASEBAND OUTPUTS Voltage Conversion Gain Demodulation Bandwidth Quadrature Phase Error I/Q Amplitude Imbalance Output DC Offset (Differential) Output Common Mode Condition Min 0.4 LOIP, LOIN LO driven differentially through a balun at 900 MHz -6 QHI, QLO, IHI, ILO 450 differential load on I and Q outputs at 900 MHz 200 differential load on I and Q outputs at 900 MHz 1 V p-p signal, 3 dB bandwidth At 900 MHz 0 dBm LO input at 900 MHz Dependent on ADJ pin setting VADJ ~ 4 V (set by 1.5 k from ADJ pin to VS) VADJ ~ 4.8 V (set by 200 from ADJ pin to VS) VADJ ~ 2.4 V (ADJ pin open) Differential 200 load Each pin VS = VCC1, VCC2, VCC3 4.75 1.5 k from ADJ pin to VS; ENBL pin low 1.5 k from ADJ pin to VS; ENBL pin high Pin ENBL ENBL high to low ENBL low to high 2.5 1.7 VADJ ~ 4 V (set by 1.5 k from ADJ pin to VS) 6.9 11.6 -19 68 29.7 -52 -67 0.07 0.2 10.9 13.1 dB dBm dB dBm dBm dBm dBc dB Degrees dB dB 245 145 -70 45 950 -10 0 6.9 5.9 390 0.2 0.07 10 VS - 2.5 VS - 2.8 VS - 1.2 37 2 12 5.25 Typ Max 6 Unit GHz dB dBm dB dB MHz Degrees dB mV V V V MHz V p-p mA V mA mA dB ns ns V V +6 0.1 dB Gain Flatness Output Swing Peak Output Current POWER SUPPLIES Voltage Current ENABLE FUNCTION Off Isolation Turn-On Settling Time Turn-Off Settling Time ENBL High Level (Logic 1) ENBL Low Level (Logic 0) DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE at RF = 900 MHz Conversion Gain Input P1dB RF Input Return Loss Second-Order Input Intercept (IIP2) Third-Order Input Intercept (IIP3) LO to RF RF to LO IQ Magnitude Imbalance IQ Phase Imbalance Noise Figure Noise Figure Under Blocking Conditions RFIP, RFIN driven differentially through a balun -5 dBm each input tone -5 dBm each input tone RFIN, RFIP terminated in 50 LOIN, LOIP terminated in 50 With a -5 dBm input interferer 5 MHz away Rev. 0 | Page 3 of 36 ADL5380 Parameter DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE at RF = 1900 MHz Conversion Gain Input P1dB RF Input Return Loss Second-Order Input Intercept (IIP2) Third-Order Input Intercept (IIP3) LO to RF RF to LO IQ Magnitude Imbalance IQ Phase Imbalance Noise Figure Noise Figure Under Blocking Conditions DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE at RF = 2700 MHz Conversion Gain Input P1dB RF Input Return Loss Second-Order Input Intercept (IIP2) Third-Order Input Intercept (IIP3) LO to RF RF to LO IQ Magnitude Imbalance IQ Phase Imbalance Noise Figure DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE at RF = 3600 MHz Conversion Gain Input P1dB RF Input Return Loss Second-Order Input Intercept (IIP2) Third-Order Input Intercept (IIP3) LO to RF RF to LO IQ Magnitude Imbalance IQ Phase Imbalance Noise Figure Noise Figure Under Blocking Conditions DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE at RF = 5800 MHz Conversion Gain Input P1dB RF Input Return Loss Second-Order Input Intercept (IIP2) Third-Order Input Intercept (IIP3) LO to RF RF to LO IQ Magnitude Imbalance IQ Phase Imbalance Noise Figure Noise Figure Under Blocking Conditions Condition VADJ ~ 4 V (set by 1.5 k from ADJ pin to VS) Min Typ 6.8 11.6 -13 61 27.8 -49 -77 0.07 0.25 11.7 14 7.4 11 -10 54 28 -49 -73 0.07 0.5 12.3 6.3 9.6 -11 48 21 -46 -72 0.14 1.1 14.2 16.2 5.8 8.2 -7.5 44 20.6 -47 -62 0.07 -1.25 15.5 18.9 Max Unit dB dBm dB dBm dBm dBm dBc dB Degrees dB dB dB dBm dB dBm dBm dBm dBc dB Degrees dB dB dBm dB dBm dBm dBm dBc dB Degrees dB dB dB dBm dB dBm dBm dBm dBc dB Degrees dB dB RFIP, RFIN driven differentially through a balun -5 dBm each input tone -5 dBm each input tone RFIN, RFIP terminated in 50 LOIN, LOIP terminated in 50 With a -5 dBm input interferer 5 MHz away VADJ ~ 4 V (set by 1.5 k from ADJ pin to VS) RFIP, RFIN driven differentially through a balun -5 dBm each input tone -5 dBm each input tone RFIN, RFIP terminated in 50 LOIN, LOIP terminated in 50 VADJ ~ 4.8 V (set by200 from ADJ pin to VS) RFIP, RFIN driven differentially through a balun -5 dBm each input tone -5 dBm each input tone RFIN, RFIP terminated in 50 LOIN, LOIP terminated in 50 With a -5 dBm input interferer 5 MHz away VADJ ~ 2.4 V (ADJ pin left open) RFIP, RFIN driven differentially through a balun -5 dBm each input tone -5 dBm each input tone RFIN, RFIP terminated in 50 LOIN, LOIP terminated in 50 With a -5 dBm input interferer 5 MHz away Rev. 0 | Page 4 of 36 ADL5380 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Table 2. Parameter Supply Voltage: VCC1, VCC2, VCC3 LO Input Power RF Input Power Internal Maximum Power Dissipation JA 1 Maximum Junction Temperature Operating Temperature Range Storage Temperature Range 1 Rating 5.5 V 13 dBm (re: 50 ) 15 dBm (re: 50 ) 1370 mW 53C/W 150C -40C to +85C -65C to +125C Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. ESD CAUTION Per JDEC standard JESD 51-2. For information on optimizing thermal impedance, see the Thermal Grounding and Evaluation Board Layout section. Rev. 0 | Page 5 of 36 ADL5380 PIN CONFIGURATION AND FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS 24 23 22 21 20 19 GND3 GND1 IHI ILO GND1 VCC1 1 2 3 4 5 6 PIN 1 INDICATOR VCC3 GND3 RFIP RFIN GND3 ADJ 18 17 16 15 14 13 ADL5380 TOP VIEW (Not to Scale) GND3 GND2 QHI QLO GND2 VCC2 ENBL 7 GND4 8 LOIP 9 LOIN 10 GND4 11 NC 12 NOTES 1. NC = NO CONNECT. 2. THE EXPOSED PAD SHOULD BE CONNECTED TO A LOW IMPEDANCE THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL GROUND PLANE. Figure 2. Pin Configuration Table 3. Pin Function Descriptions Pin No. 1, 2, 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 18, 20, 23 3, 4, 15, 16 Mnemonic GND1, GND2, GND3, GND4 IHI, ILO, QLO, QHI Description Ground Connect. I Channel and Q Channel Mixer Baseband Outputs. These outputs have a 50 differential output impedance (25 per pin). Each output pair can swing 2 V p-p (differential) into a load of 200 . The output 3 dB bandwidth is ~400 MHz. Supply. Positive supply for LO, IF, biasing, and baseband sections. Decouple these pins to the board ground using the appropriate-sized capacitors. Enable Control. When pulled low, the part is fully enabled; when pulled high, the part is partially powered down and the output is disabled. Local Oscillator Input. Pins must be ac-coupled. A differential drive through a balun is necessary to achieve optimal performance. Recommended balun is the Mini-Circuits TC1-1-13 for lower frequencies, the Johanson Technology 3600 balun for midband frequencies, and the Johanson Technology 5400 balun for high band frequencies. Balun choice depends on the desired frequency range of operation. Do not connect this pin. A resistor to VS that optimizes third-order intercept. For operation <3 GHz, RADJ = 1.5 k. For operation from 3 GHz to 4 GHz, RADJ = 200 . For operation >5 GHz, RADJ = open. See the Circuit Description section for more details. RF Input. A single-ended 50 signal can be applied differentially to the RF inputs through a 1:1 balun. Recommended balun is the Mini-Circuits TC1-1-13 for lower frequencies, the Johanson Technology 3600 balun for midband frequencies, and the Johanson Technology 5400 balun for high band frequencies. Balun choice depends on the desired frequency range of operation. Exposed Paddle. Connect to a low impedance thermal and electrical ground plane. 6, 13, 24 7 9, 10 VCC1, VCC2, VCC3 ENBL LOIP, LOIN 12 19 NC ADJ 21, 22 RFIN, RFIP EP Rev. 0 | Page 6 of 36 07585-002 ADL5380 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS VS = 5 V, TA = 25C, LO drive level = 0 dBm, RF input balun loss is de-embedded, unless otherwise noted. LOW BAND OPERATION RF = 400 MHz to 3 GHz; Mini-Circuits TC1-1-13 balun on LO and RF inputs, 1.5 k from the ADJ pin to VS. 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 -0.6 4 2 -0.8 07585-003 1.0 TA = -40C TA = +25C TA = +85C INPUT P1dB 0.8 0.6 GAIN (dB), IP1dB (dBm) GAIN MISMATCH (dB) 0.4 0.2 0 -0.2 -0.4 GAIN LO FREQUENCY (MHz) LO FREQUENCY (MHz) Figure 3. Conversion Gain and Input 1 dB Compression Point (IP1dB) vs. LO Frequency 80 70 60 I CHANNEL Q CHANNEL 2 1 0 Figure 5. IQ Gain Mismatch vs. LO Frequency BASEBAND RESPONSE (dB) IIP3, IIP2 (dBm) INPUT IP2 50 40 30 20 10 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 INPUT IP3 (I AND Q CHANNELS) TA = -40C TA = +25C TA = +85C 07585-004 BASEBAND FREQUENCY (MHz) LO FREQUENCY (MHz) Figure 4. Input Third-Order Intercept (IIP3) and Input Second-Order Intercept Point (IIP2) vs. LO Frequency Figure 6. Normalized IQ Baseband Frequency Response Rev. 0 | Page 7 of 36 07585-006 -8 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2200 2000 2400 2600 2800 3000 10 100 1000 07585-005 -1.0 TA = -40C TA = +25C TA = +85C 400 600 800 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2200 2000 2400 2600 2800 3000 3000 ADL5380 18 17 16 NOISE FIGURE (dB) 35 IIP3 (dBm) AND NOISE FIGURE (dB) TA = -40C TA = +25C TA = +85C 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 TA = -40C TA = +25C TA = +85C 300 280 260 240 SUPPLY CURRENT 220 200 NOISE FIGURE 180 160 INPUT IP3 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 07585-007 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 VADJ (V) 3.5 4.0 4.5 LO FREQUENCY (MHz) Figure 7. Noise Figure vs. LO Frequency 4 QUADRATURE PHASE ERROR (Degrees) 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 07585-008 Figure 10. IIP3, Noise Figure, and Supply Current vs. VADJ, fLO = 900 MHz 25 23 21 NOISE FIGURE (dB) 19 17 15 13 11 920MHz 9 7 07585-011 1920MHz TA = -40C TA = +25C TA = +85C 5 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 RF BLOCKER INPUT POWER (dBm) 0 5 LO FREQUENCY (MHz) Figure 8. IQ Quadrature Phase Error vs. LO Frequency 20 75 Figure 11. Noise Figure vs. Input Blocker Level, fLO = 900 MHz, fLO = 1900 MHz (RF Blocker 5 MHz Offset) 18 60 IIP2, Q CHANNEL IIP2, I CHANNEL NOISE FIGURE 12 10 8 6 IIP3 4 2 -6 25 20 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 LO LEVEL (dBm) 3 4 5 6 IP1dB GAIN 45 40 35 30 55 50 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 -6 -5 70 65 60 GAIN (dB), IP1dB (dBm), NOISE FIGURE (dB) GAIN (dB), IP1dB (dBm), NOISE FIGURE (dB) IIP2, I CHANNEL IIP2, Q CHANNEL 16 14 IIP3, IIP2 ( dBm) IP1dB NOISE FIGURE GAIN 55 50 45 40 35 IIP3 30 -1 0 1 2 LO LEVEL (dBm) 3 4 5 6 07585-009 -4 -3 -2 Figure 9. Conversion Gain, IP1dB, Noise Figure, IIP3, and IIP2 vs. LO Level, fLO = 900 MHz Figure 12. Conversion Gain, IP1dB, Noise Figure, IIP3, and IIP2 vs. LO Level, fLO = 2700 MHz Rev. 0 | Page 8 of 36 07585-012 25 IIP3, IIP2 (dBm) 07585-010 8 SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) ADL5380 35 30 25 INPUT IP3 20 15 10 NOISE FIGURE 5 0 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 VADJ (V) 3.5 4.0 4.5 -25 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 RF FREQUENCY (GHz) 0 IIP3 (dBm) AND NOISE FIGURE (dB) TA = -40C TA = +25C TA = +85C RETURN LOSS (dB) 07585-013 -5 -10 -15 -20 Figure 13. IIP3 and Noise Figure vs. VADJ, fLO = 2700 MHz 80 70 GAIN (dB), IP1dB (dBm), IIP2 I AND Q CHANNELS (dBm) Figure 16. RF Port Return Loss vs. RF Frequency Measured on Characterization Board Through TC1-1-13 Balun -20 -30 -40 60 LEAKAGE (dBm) 50 40 30 20 10 07585-014 -50 -60 -70 -80 -90 -100 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 LO FREQUENCY (GHz) 900MHz: GAIN 900MHz: IP1dB 900MHz: IIP2, I CHANNEL 900MHz: IIP2, Q CHANNEL 2700MHz: GAIN 2700MHz: IP1dB 2700MHz: IIP2, I CHANNEL 2700MHz: IIP2, Q CHANNEL 1 2 3 VADJ (V) 4 Figure 14. Conversion Gain, IP1dB, and IIP2 vs. VADJ, fLO = 900 MHz, fLO = 2700 MHz 40 35 30 IP1dB, IIP3 (dBm) Figure 17. LO-to-RF Leakage vs. LO Frequency 90 -20 -30 80 IIP3 IIP2 75 70 65 60 IP1dB 55 50 IIP2, I AND Q CHANNELS (dBm) TA = -40C TA = +25C TA = +85C I CHANNEL Q CHANNEL 85 -40 LEAKAGE (dBc) 25 20 15 10 5 0 -50 -60 -70 -80 -90 -100 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 RF FREQUENCY (GHz) Figure 15. IP1dB, IIP3, and IIP2 vs. Baseband Frequency Figure 18. RF-to-LO Leakage vs. RF Frequency Rev. 0 | Page 9 of 36 07585-018 4.5 6.5 8.5 10.5 12.5 14.5 16.5 BASEBAND FREQUENCY (MHz) 18.5 07585-015 07585-017 0 07585-016 ADL5380 0 -2 -4 RETURN LOSS (dB) -6 -8 -10 -12 -14 -16 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 LO FREQUENCY (GHz) Figure 19. LO Port Return Loss vs. LO Frequency Measured on Characterization Board Through TC1-1-13 Balun 07585-019 Rev. 0 | Page 10 of 36 ADL5380 MIDBAND OPERATION RF = 3 GHz to 4 GHz; Johanson Technology 3600BL14M050T balun on LO and RF inputs, 200 from VADJ to VS. 14 13 12 TA = -40C TA = +25C TA = +85C IP1dB GAIN (dB), IP1dB (dBm), NOISE FIGURE (dB) 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 LO LEVEL (dBm) 2 3 4 5 6 IIP3 GAIN IIP2, I CHANNEL IIP2, Q CHANNEL 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 07585-023 07585-025 GAIN (dB), IP1dB (dBm) 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 3.0 IP1dB GAIN 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 LO FREQUENCY (GHz) 3.8 3.9 4.0 Figure 20. Conversion Gain and Input 1 dB Compression Point (IP1dB) vs. LO Frequency 80 70 60 TA = -40C TA = +25C TA = +85C INPUT IP2 07585-020 4 10 Figure 23. Conversion Gain, IP1dB, Noise Figure, IIP3, and IIP2 vs. LO Level, fLO = 3600 MHz 18 17 I CHANNEL Q CHANNEL NOISE FIGURE (dB) 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 TA = -40C TA = +25C TA = +85C IIP3, IIP2 (dBm) 50 40 30 20 INPUT IP3 I AND Q CHANNELS 9 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 LO FREQUENCY (GHz) 3.8 3.9 4.0 07585-024 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 LO FREQUENCY (GHz) 3.8 3.9 4.0 07585-021 10 8 Figure 21. Input Third-Order Intercept (IIP3) and Input Second-Order Intercept Point (IIP2) vs. LO Frequency 1.0 QUADRATURE PHASE ERROR (Degrees) Figure 24. Noise Figure vs. LO Frequency 4 0.8 0.6 TA = -40C TA = +25C TA = +85C 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 3.0 TA = -40C TA = +25C TA = +85C GAIN MISMATCH (dB) 0.4 0.2 0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 07585-022 -1.0 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 LO FREQUENCY (GHz) 3.8 4.0 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.3 3.5 3.7 LO FREQUENCY (GHz) 3.8 3.9 4.0 Figure 22. IQ Gain Mismatch vs. LO Frequency Figure 25. IQ Quadrature Phase Error vs. LO Frequency Rev. 0 | Page 11 of 36 IIP3, IIP2 (dBm) NOISE FIGURE ADL5380 30 TA = -40C TA = +25C TA = +85C INPUT IP3 300 -20 IIP3 (dBm) AND NOISE FIGURE (dB) 25 280 -30 15 240 LEAKAGE (dBm) CURRENT (mA) 20 260 -40 -50 10 NOISE FIGURE 220 -60 5 SUPPLY CURRENT 200 -70 07585-026 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 VADJ (V) 3.5 4.0 4.5 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 LO FREQUENCY (GHz) 3.8 3.9 4.0 Figure 26. IIP3, Noise Figure, and Supply Current vs. VADJ, fLO = 3600 MHz 25 23 21 Figure 29. LO-to-RF Leakage vs. LO Frequency -20 -30 -40 LEAKAGE (dBc) -50 -60 -70 -80 -90 NOISE FIGURE (dB) 19 17 15 13 11 -30 07585-027 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 3.1 3.2 3.3 RF POWEL LEVEL (dBm) 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 RF FREQUENCY (GHz) 3.8 3.9 4.0 Figure 27. Noise Figure vs. Input Blocker Level, fLO = 3600 MHz (RF Blocker 5 MHz Offset) 80 70 -2 GAIN (dB), IP1dB (dBm), IIP2 I AND Q CHANNELS (dBm) Figure 30. RF-to-LO Leakage vs. RF Frequency 0 60 RETURN LOSS (dB) 50 40 30 20 10 0 07585-028 -4 3600MHz: GAIN 3600MHz: IP1dB 3600MHz: IIP2, I CHANNEL 3600MHz: IIP2, Q CHANNEL -6 -8 -10 1 2 3 V ADJ (V) 4 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 RF FREQUENCY (GHz) 3.8 3.9 4.0 Figure 28. Conversion Gain, IP1dB, and IIP2 vs. VADJ, fLO = 3600 MHz Figure 31. RF Port Return Loss vs. RF Frequency Measured on Characterization Board Through Johanson Technology 3600 Balun Rev. 0 | Page 12 of 36 07585-031 -10 -12 07585-030 -100 07585-029 0 1.0 180 -80 ADL5380 0 -5 RETURN LOSS (dB) -10 -15 -20 -25 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 LO FREQUENCY (GHz) 3.8 3.9 4.0 Figure 32. LO Port Return Loss vs. LO Frequency Measured on Characterization Board Through Johanson Technology 3600 Balun 07585-032 -30 Rev. 0 | Page 13 of 36 ADL5380 HIGH BAND OPERATION RF = 5 GHz to 6 GHz; Johanson Technology 5400BL15B050E balun on LO and RF inputs, the ADJ pin is open. 12 GAIN (dB), IP1dB (dBm), NOISE FIGURE (dB) 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 LO LEVEL (dBm) 2 3 4 5 6 GAIN IIP2, I CHANNEL NOISE FIGURE IIP2, Q CHANNEL 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 07585-036 11 GAIN (dB), INPUT P1dB (dBm) 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 5.1 TA = -40C TA = +25C TA = +85C 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 LO FREQUENCY (GHz) 5.8 5.9 6.0 07585-033 INPUT P1dB GAIN IP1dB IIP3 10 Figure 33. Conversion Gain and Input 1 dB Compression Point (IP1dB) vs. LO Frequency 80 70 60 IIP3, IIP2 (dBm) Figure 36. Conversion Gain, IP1dB, Noise Figure, IIP3, and IIP2 vs. LO Level, fLO = 5800 MHz 20 TA = -40C TA = -25C TA = +85C TA = -40C TA = +25C TA = +85C I CHANNEL Q CHANNEL 19 18 17 NOISE FIGURE (dB) INPUT IP2 50 40 30 20 10 5.1 INPUT IP3 (I AND Q CHANNELS) 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 07585-034 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 LO FREQUENCY (GHz) 5.8 5.9 6.0 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 LO FREQUENCY (GHz) 5.8 5.9 6.0 Figure 34. Input Third-Order Intercept (IIP3) and Input Second-Order Intercept Point (IIP2) vs. LO Frequency 1.0 0.8 IQ AMPLITUDE MISMATCH (dB) Figure 37. Noise Figure vs. LO Frequency 4 IQ PHASE MISMATCH (Degrees) 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 TA = -40C TA = +25C TA = +85C 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 TA = -40C TA = +25C TA = +85C 07585-035 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 LO FREQUENCY (GHz) 5.8 5.9 6.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 LO FREQUENCY (GHz) 5.8 5.9 6.0 Figure 35. IQ Gain Mismatch vs. LO Frequency Figure 38. IQ Quadrature Phase Error vs. LO Frequency Rev. 0 | Page 14 of 36 07585-038 -1.0 07585-037 8 IIP3, IIP2 (dBm) ADL5380 30 TA = -40C TA = +25C TA = +85C 300 -20 -30 -40 LEAKAGE (dBm) IIP3 (dBm) AND NOISE FIGURE (dB) 25 INPUT IP3 280 NOISE FIGURE CURRENT (mA) 20 260 -50 -60 -70 -80 15 240 10 SUPPLY CURRENT 5 220 200 -90 -10 0 5.1 07585-039 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 VADJ (V) 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 LO FREQUENC Y (GHz) 5.8 5.9 6.0 Figure 39. IIP3, Noise Figure, and Supply Current vs. VADJ, fLO = 5800 MHz 25 -20 -30 Figure 42. LO-to-RF Leakage vs. LO Frequency 20 NOISE FIGURE (dB) -40 LEAKAGE (dBc) 15 -50 -60 -70 -80 10 5 -90 07585-040 -25 -20 -15 -10 RF POWER LEVEL (dBm) -5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 RF FREQUENCY (MHz) 5.8 5.9 6.0 Figure 40. Noise Figure vs. Input Blocker Level, fLO = 5800 MHz (RF Blocker 5 MHz Offset) 60 Figure 43. RF-to-LO Leakage vs. RF Frequency 0 -2 -4 RETURN LOSS (dB) 50 GAIN (dB), IP1dB (dBm), IIP2 I AND Q CHANNEL (dBm) 40 5800MHz: GAIN 5800MHz: IP1dB 5800MHz: IIP2, I CHANNEL 5800MHz: IIP2, Q CHANNEL -6 -8 -10 -12 30 20 10 -14 -16 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 RF FREQUENCY (GHz) 5.8 5.9 6.0 1 2 3 VADJ (V) 4 Figure 41. Conversion Gain, IP1dB, and IIP2 vs. RBIAS, fLO = 5800 MHz 07585-041 Figure 44. RF Port Return Loss vs. RF Frequency Measured on Characterization Board Through Johanson Technology 5400 Balun Rev. 0 | Page 15 of 36 07585-044 0 07585-043 0 -30 -100 07585-042 0 1.0 180 ADL5380 -0 -2 -4 RETURN LOSS (dB) -6 -8 -10 -12 -14 -16 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 LO FREQUENCY (GHz) 5.8 5.9 6.0 Figure 45. LO Port Return Loss vs. LO Frequency Measured on Characterization Board Through Johanson Technology 5400 Balun 07585-045 Rev. 0 | Page 16 of 36 ADL5380 DISTRIBUTIONS FOR fLO = 900 MHz 100 90 DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGE (%) 100 90 DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGE (%) 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 28 29 30 31 32 INPUT IP3 (dBm) TA = -40C TA = +25C TA = +85C 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 TA = -40C TA = +25C TA = +85C I CHANNEL Q CHANNEL 33 34 07585-046 45 50 55 60 65 70 INPUT IP2 (dBm) 75 80 85 Figure 46. IIP3 Distributions 100 90 DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGE (%) IP1dB GAIN Figure 49. IIP2 Distributions for I Channel and Q Channel 100 90 DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGE (%) 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 GAIN (dB), IP1dB (dBm) 12 13 14 TA = -40C TA = +25C TA = +85C 07585-047 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 9.5 10.0 10.5 11.0 11.5 NOISE FIGURE (dB) TA = -40C TA = +25C TA = +85C 12.0 12.5 07585-050 07585-051 Figure 47. Gain and IP1dB Distributions 100 90 DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGE (%) 100 90 Figure 50. Noise Figure Distributions DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGE (%) 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 -0.3 -0.2 TA = -40C TA = +25C TA = +85C 07585-048 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 TA = -40C TA = +25C TA = +85C -0.1 0 0.1 GAIN MISMATCH (dB) 0.2 0.3 0 -1.0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 QUADRATURE PHASE ERROR (Degrees) 0.8 1.0 Figure 48. IQ Gain Mismatch Distributions Figure 51. IQ Quadrature Phase Error Distributions Rev. 0 | Page 17 of 36 07585-049 0 ADL5380 DISTRIBUTIONS FOR fLO = 1900 MHz 100 90 100 90 DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGE (%) 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 07585-052 DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGE (%) 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 24 TA = -40C TA = +25C TA = +85C 25 26 27 28 29 INPUT IP3 (dBm) 30 31 32 TA = -40C TA = +25C TA = +85C I CHANNEL Q CHANNEL 45 50 55 60 65 INPUT IP2 (dBm) 70 75 80 Figure 52. IIP3 Distributions 100 90 DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGE (%) Figure 55. IIP2 Distributions for I Channel and Q Channel 100 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 4 5 6 7 8 DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGE (%) TA = -40C TA = +25C TA = +85C IP1dB GAIN 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 TA = -40C TA = +25C TA = +85C 11.0 11.5 12.0 12.5 13.0 13.5 07585-056 07585-057 9 10 11 12 13 14 GAIN (dB), IP1dB (dBm) 07585-053 0 0 10.5 NOISE FIGURE (dB) Figure 53. Gain and IP1dB Distributions 100 90 DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGE (%) Figure 56. Noise Figure Distributions 100 DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGE (%) 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 TA = -40C TA = +25C TA = +85C 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 07585-054 TA = -40C TA = +25C TA = +85C 0 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 GAIN MISMATCH (dB) 0.2 0.3 0 -1.0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 QUADRATURE PHASE ERROR (Degrees) 0.8 1.0 Figure 54. IQ Gain Mismatch Distributions Figure 57. IQ Quadrature Phase Error Distributions Rev. 0 | Page 18 of 36 07585-055 0 ADL5380 DISTRIBUTIONS FOR fLO = 2700 MHz 100 90 DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGE (%) 100 90 DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGE (%) 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 07585-058 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 INPUT IP3 (dBm) 32 34 36 TA = -40C TA = +25C TA = +85C TA = -40C TA = +25C TA = +85C I CHANNEL Q CHANNEL 35 40 45 50 55 60 INPUT IP2 (dBm) 65 70 75 Figure 58. IIP3 Distributions 100 90 DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGE (%) Figure 61. IIP2 Distributions for I Channel and Q Channel 100 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGE (%) TA = -40C TA = +25C TA = +85C IP1dB GAIN 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 07585-059 TA = -40C TA = +25C TA = +85C 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 GAIN (dB), IP1dB (dBm) 12 13 14 11.0 11.5 12.0 12.5 13.0 NOISE FIGURE (dB) 13.5 14.0 Figure 59. Gain and IP1dB Distributions 100 90 DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGE (%) 100 90 Figure 62. Noise Figure Distributions 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 -0.3 TA = -40C TA = +25C TA = +85C 07585-060 DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGE (%) 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 TA = -40C TA = +25C TA = +85C -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 GAIN MISMATCH (dB) 0.2 0.3 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0 0.5 1.0 QUADRATURE PHASE ERROR (Degrees) 1.5 2.0 Figure 60. IQ Gain Mismatch Distributions Figure 63. IQ Quadrature Phase Error Distributions Rev. 0 | Page 19 of 36 07585-063 0 -2.0 07585-062 0 0 10.5 07585-061 0 ADL5380 DISTRIBUTIONS FOR fLO = 3600 MHz 100 90 100 90 TA = -40C TA = +25C TA = +85C I CHANNEL Q CHANNEL DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGE (%) 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 INPUT IP3 (dBm) 29 31 33 07585-064 DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGE (%) 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 TA = -40C TA = +25C TA = +85C 35 40 45 50 55 INPUT IP2 (dBm) 60 65 70 Figure 64. IIP3 Distributions 100 90 IP1dB GAIN 100 90 Figure 67. IIP2 Distributions for I Channel and Q Channel DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGE (%) 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 07585-065 DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGE (%) 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 TA = -40C TA = +25C TA = +85C TA = -40C TA = +25C TA = +85C 0 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 GAIN (dB), IP1dB (dBm) 12 13 14 13.0 13.5 14.0 14.5 15.0 NOISE FIGURE (dB) 15.5 16.0 Figure 65. Gain and IP1dB Distributions 100 90 DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGE (%) DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGE (%) Figure 68. Noise Figure Distributions 100 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 TA = -40C TA = +25C TA = +85C 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 07585-066 TA = -40C TA = +25C TA = +85C -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 GAIN MISMATCH (dB) 0.2 0.3 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 QUADRATURE PHASE ERROR (Degrees) 2.5 Figure 66. IQ Gain Mismatch Distributions Figure 69. IQ Quadrature Phase Error Distributions Rev. 0 | Page 20 of 36 07585-069 0 -0.3 0 -0.5 07585-068 0 12.5 07585-067 0 0 ADL5380 DISTRIBUTIONS FOR fLO = 5800 MHz 100 90 DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGE (%) 100 TA = -40C TA = +25C TA = +85C 90 TA = -40C TA = +25C TA = +85C I CHANNEL Q CHANNEL 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGE (%) 07585-070 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 19 20 21 22 INPUT IP3 (dBm) 23 24 30 35 40 45 50 55 INPUT IP2 (dBm) 60 65 70 Figure 70. IIP3 Distributions 100 90 DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGE (%) Figure 73. IIP2 Distributions for I Channel and Q Channel 100 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 2 DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGE (%) TA = -40C TA = +25C TA = +85C IP1dB GAIN 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 TA = -40C TA = +25C TA = +85C 13.5 14.0 14.5 15.0 15.5 16.0 16.5 17.0 17.5 18.0 NOISE FIGURE (dB) Figure 71. Gain and IP1dB Distributions 100 90 TA = -40C TA = +25C TA = +85C Figure 74. Noise Figure Distributions 100 90 TA = -40C TA = +25C TA = +85C DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGE (%) DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGE (%) 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 07585-072 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 GAIN MISMATCH (dB) 0.2 0.3 -2 -1 0 1 2 QUADRATURE PHASE ERROR (Degrees) 3 Figure 72. IQ Gain Mismatch Distributions Figure 75. IQ Quadrature Phase Error Distributions Rev. 0 | Page 21 of 36 07585-075 0 -0.3 0 -3 07585-074 3 4 5 6 7 GAIN (dB), IP1dB (dBm) 8 9 10 07585-071 0 0 13.0 07585-073 0 18 0 ADL5380 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION The ADL5380 can be divided into five sections: the local oscillator (LO) interface, the RF voltage-to-current (V-to-I) converter, the mixers, the differential emitter follower outputs, and the bias circuit. A detailed block diagram of the device is shown in Figure 76. ENBL ADJ Table 4. ADJ Pin Resistor Values and Approximate ADJ Pin Voltages RADJ 200 to VS 600 to VS 1.54 k to VS 3.8 k to VS 10 k to VS Open 9 k to GND 3.5 k to GND 1.5 k to GND ~VADJ (V) 4.8 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 ~ Baseband CommonMode Output (V) 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.7 3 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 ADL5380 BIAS IHI ILO LOIP RFIN V2I RFIP QUADRATURE PHASE SPLITTER LOIN QHI MIXERS The ADL5380 has two double-balanced mixers: one for the inphase channel (I channel) and one for the quadrature channel (Q channel). These mixers are based on the Gilbert cell design of four cross-connected transistors. The output currents from the two mixers are summed together in the resistive loads that then feed into the subsequent emitter follower buffers. Figure 76. Block Diagram 07585-076 QLO The LO interface generates two LO signals at 90 of phase difference to drive two mixers in quadrature. RF signals are converted into currents by the V-to-I converters that feed into the two mixers. The differential I and Q outputs of the mixers are buffered via emitter followers. Reference currents to each section are generated by the bias circuit. A detailed description of each section follows. EMITTER FOLLOWER BUFFERS The output emitter followers drive the differential I and Q signals off chip. The output impedance is set by on-chip 25 series resistors that yield a 50 differential output impedance for each baseband port. The fixed output impedance forms a voltage divider with the load impedance that reduces the effective gain. For example, a 500 differential load has 1 dB lower effective gain than a high (10 k) differential load impedance. LO INTERFACE The LO interface consists of a polyphase quadrature splitter followed by a limiting amplifier. The LO input impedance is set by the polyphase, which splits the LO signal into two differential signals in quadrature. The LO input impedance is nominally 50 . Each quadrature LO signal then passes through a limiting amplifier that provides the mixer with a limited drive signal. For optimal performance, the LO inputs must be driven differentially. BIAS CIRCUIT A band gap reference circuit generates the reference currents used by different sections. The bias circuit can be enabled and partially disabled using ENBL (Pin 7). If ENBL is grounded or left open, the part is fully enabled. Pulling ENBL high shuts off certain sections of the bias circuitry, reducing the standing power to about half of its fully enabled consumption and disabling the outputs. V-TO-I CONVERTER The differential RF input signal is applied to a V-to-I converter that converts the differential input voltage to output currents. The V-to-I converter provides a differential 50 input impedance. The V-to-I bias current can be adjusted up or down using the ADJ pin (Pin 19). Adjusting the current up improves IIP3 and IP1dB but degrades SSB NF. Adjusting the current down improves SSB NF but degrades IIP3 and IP1dB. The current adjustment can be made by connecting a resistor from the ADJ pin (Pin 19) to VS to increase the bias current or to ground to decrease the bias current. Table 4 approximately dictates the relationship between the resistor used (RADJ), the resulting ADJ pin voltage, and the resulting baseband common-mode output voltage. Rev. 0 | Page 22 of 36 ADL5380 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION BASIC CONNECTIONS Figure 78 shows the basic connections schematic for the ADL5380. LOCAL OSCILLATOR (LO) INPUT For optimum performance, drive the LO port differentially through a balun. The recommended balun for each performance level includes the following: * Up to 3 GHz is the Mini-Circuits TC1-1-13. * From 3 GHz to 4 GHz is the Johanson Technology 3600BL14M050. * From 4.9 GHz to 6 GHz is the Johanson Technology 5400BL15B050. AC couple the LO inputs to the device with 100 pF capacitors. The LO port is designed for a broadband 50 match from 400 MHz to 6 GHz. The LO return loss can be seen in Figure 19. Figure 77 shows the LO input configuration. LO INPUT 9 POWER SUPPLY The nominal voltage supply for the ADL5380 is 5 V and is applied to the VCC1, VCC2, and VCC3 pins. Connect ground to the GND1, GND2, GND3, and GND4 pins. Solder the exposed paddle on the underside of the package to a low thermal and electrical impedance ground plane. If the ground plane spans multiple layers on the circuit board, these layers should be stitched together with nine vias under the exposed paddle. The AN-772 Application Note discusses the thermal and electrical grounding of the LFCSP in detail. Decouple each of the supply pins using two capacitors; recommended capacitor values are 100 pF and 0.1 F. LOIP BALUN 100pF 10 LOIN 07585-077 100pF Figure 77. Differential LO Drive The recommended LO drive level is between -6 dBm and +6 dBm. The applied LO frequency range is between 400 MHz and 6 GHz. RFIN BALUN 100pF 100pF VS 0.1F 100pF 24 23 22 21 20 19 RADJ VS GND3 RFIN RFIP GND3 VCC3 1 GND3 GND3 18 GND2 17 QHI 16 QHI QLO 2 GND1 IHI 3 IHI ILO 4 ILO 5 GND1 ADL5380 GND2 14 GND4 GND4 ENBL LOIN LOIP VS 0.1F 100pF 6 VCC1 VCC2 13 ADJ QLO 15 VS 100pF 0.1F 7 8 9 10 11 100pF BALUN 100pF NC 12 LO_SE Figure 78. Basic Connections Schematic Rev. 0 | Page 23 of 36 07585-078 ADL5380 RF INPUT The RF inputs have a differential input impedance of approximately 50 . For optimum performance, drive the RF port differentially through a balun. The recommended balun for each performance level includes the following: * * * Up to 3 GHz is the Mini-Circuits TC1-1-13. From 3 GHz to 4 GHz is the Johanson Technology 3600BL14M050. From 4.9 GHz to 6 GHz is the Johanson Technology 5400BL15B050. IHI 3 16 QHI ADL5380 07585-081 07585-082 ILO 4 15 QLO Figure 81. Baseband Output Configuration ERROR VECTOR MAGNITUDE (EVM) PERFORMANCE EVM is a measure used to quantify the performance of a digital radio transmitter or receiver. A signal received by a receiver has all constellation points at their ideal locations; however, various imperfections in the implementation (such as magnitude imbalance, noise floor, and phase imbalance) cause the actual constellation points to deviate from their ideal locations. In general, a demodulator exhibits three distinct EVM limitations vs. received input signal power. At strong signal levels, the distortion components falling in-band due to nonlinearities in the device cause strong degradation to EVM as signal levels increase. At medium signal levels, where the demodulator behaves in a linear manner and the signal is well above any notable noise contributions, the EVM has a tendency to reach an optimum level determined dominantly by the quadrature accuracy of the demodulator and the precision of the test equipment. As signal levels decrease, such that noise is a major contribution, the EVM performance vs. the signal level exhibits a decibel-fordecibel degradation with decreasing signal level. At lower signal levels, where noise proves to be the dominant limitation, the decibel EVM proves to be directly proportional to the SNR. The ADL5380 shows excellent EVM performance for various modulation schemes. Figure 82 shows the EVM performance of the ADL5380 with a 16 QAM, 200 kHz low IF. 0 -5 -10 -15 AC couple the RF inputs to the device with 100 pF capacitors. Figure 79 shows the RF input configuration. 21 RFIN 100pF BALUN 100pF 22 RFIP RF INPUT 07585-079 Figure 79. RF Input The differential RF port return loss is characterized, as shown in Figure 80. -8 DIFFERENTIAL RETURN LOSS RF PORT (dB) -10 -12 -14 -16 -18 -20 -22 -24 EVM (dB) 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 RF FREQUENCY (GHz) 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 07585-080 -26 -28 -30 -20 -25 -30 -35 -40 -45 -50 -90 -70 -50 -30 RF INPUT POWER (dBm) -10 10 Figure 80. Differential RF Port Return Loss BASEBAND OUTPUTS The baseband outputs QHI, QLO, IHI, and ILO are fixed impedance ports. Each baseband pair has a 50 differential output impedance. The outputs can be presented with differential loads as low as 200 (with some degradation in gain) or high impedance differential loads (500 or greater impedance yields the same excellent linearity) that is typical of an ADC. The TCM9-1 9:1 balun converts the differential IF output to a single-ended output. When loaded with 50 , this balun presents a 450 load to the device. The typical maximum linear voltage swing for these outputs is 2 V p-p differential. The output 3 dB bandwidth is 390 MHz. Figure 81 shows the baseband output configuration. Rev. 0 | Page 24 of 36 Figure 82. EVM, RF = 900 MHz, IF = 200 kHz vs. RF Input Power for a 16 QAM 160ksym/s Signal ADL5380 Figure 83 shows the zero-IF EVM performance of a 10 MHz IEEE 802.16e WiMAX signal through the ADL5380. The differential dc offsets on the ADL5380 are in the order of a few millivolts. However, ac coupling the baseband outputs with 10 F capacitors eliminates dc offsets and enhances EVM performance. With a 10 MHz BW signal, 10 F ac coupling capacitors with the 500 differential load results in a high-pass corner frequency of ~64 Hz, which absorbs an insignificant amount of modulated signal energy from the baseband signal. By using ac coupling capacitors at the baseband outputs, the dc offset effects, which can limit dynamic range at low input power levels, can be eliminated. 0 Figure 84 exhibits multiple W-CDMA low-IF EVM performance curves over a wide RF input power range into the ADL5380. In the case of zero-IF, the noise contribution by the vector signal analyzer becomes predominant at lower power levels, making it difficult to measure SNR accurately. -10 -15 -20 EVM (dB) -25 -30 0Hz IF -35 2.5MHz LOW-IF -40 5MHz LOW-IF -10 -20 EVM (dB) -30 5.8GHz 3.5GHz -50 2.6GHz -65 -55 -45 -35 -25 -15 -5 5 07585-083 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 RF INPUT POWER (dBm) -10 0 10 -40 Figure 84. EVM, RF = 1900 MHz, IF = 0 Hz, IF = 2.5 MHz, IF = 5 MHz, and IF = 7.5 MHz vs. RF Input Power for a W-CDMA Signal (AC-Coupled Baseband Outputs) LOW IF IMAGE REJECTION The image rejection ratio is the ratio of the intermediate frequency (IF) signal level produced by the desired input frequency to that produced by the image frequency. The image rejection ratio is expressed in decibels. Appropriate image rejection is critical because the image power can be much higher than that of the desired signal, thereby plaguing the down-conversion process. Figure 85 illustrates the image problem. If the upper sideband (lower sideband) is the desired band, a 90 shift to the Q channel (I channel) cancels the image at the lower sideband (upper sideband). Phase and gain balance between I and Q channels are critical for high levels of image rejection. -60 -75 RF INPUT POWER (dBm) Figure 83. EVM, RF = 2.6 GHz, RF = 3.5 GHz, and RF = 5.8 GHz, IF = 0 Hz vs. RF Input Power for a 16 QAM 10 MHz Bandwidth Mobile WiMAX Signal (AC-Coupled Baseband Outputs) COSLOt 0 IF IF -IF 0 +IF -90 0 +IF +90 LSB LO USB -IF SINLOt 0 +IF 0 0 +IF 07585-085 Figure 85. Illustration of the Image Problem Rev. 0 | Page 25 of 36 07585-084 -45 -80 7.5MHz LOW-IF ADL5380 Figure 86 and Figure 87 show the excellent image rejection capabilities of the ADL5380 for low IF applications, such as W-CDMA. The ADL5380 exhibits image rejection greater than 45 dB over a broad frequency range. 60 50 IMAGE REJECTION (dB) 40 2.5MHz LOW IF 5MHz LOW IF 7MHz LOW IF It is necessary to consider the overall source and load impedance presented by the ADL5380 and ADC input when designing the filter network. The differential baseband output impedance of the ADL5380 is 50 . The ADL5380 is designed to drive a high impedance ADC input. It may be desirable to terminate the ADC input down to lower impedance by using a terminating resistor, such as 500 . The terminating resistor helps to better define the input impedance at the ADC input at the cost of a slightly reduced gain (see the Circuit Description section for details on the emitter-follower output loading effects). The order and type of filter network depends on the desired high frequency rejection required, pass-band ripple, and group delay. Filter design tables provide outlines for various filter types and orders, illustrating the normalized inductor and capacitor values for a 1 Hz cutoff frequency and 1 load. After scaling the normalized prototype element values by the actual desired cut-off frequency and load impedance, the series reactance elements are halved to realize the final balanced filter network component values. As an example, a second-order Butterworth, low-pass filter design is shown in Figure 88 where the differential load impedance is 500 and the source impedance of the ADL5380 is 50 . The normalized series inductor value for the 10-to-1, load-to-source impedance ratio is 0.074 H, and the normalized shunt capacitor is 14.814 F. For a 10.9 MHz cutoff frequency, the single-ended equivalent circuit consists of a 0.54 H series inductor followed by a 433 pF shunt capacitor. The balanced configuration is realized as the 0.54 H inductor is split in half to realize the network shown in Figure 88. 30 20 10 07585-103 0 400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400 2800 RF FREQUENCY (MHz) 3200 3600 4000 Figure 86. Low Band and Midband Image Rejection vs. RF Frequency for a W-CDMA Signal, IF = 2.5 MHz, 5 MHz, and 7.5 MHz 60 50 IMAGE REJECTION (dB) 40 2.5MHz LOW IF 5MHz LOW IF 7MHz LOW IF 30 20 10 07585-104 RS = 50 LN = 0.074H NORMALIZED SINGLE-ENDED CONFIGURATION 0 5000 5200 5400 5600 RF FREQUENCY (MHz) 5800 6000 VS CN 14.814F RL= 500 Figure 87. High Band Image Rejection vs. RF Frequency for a W-CDMA Signal, IF = 2.5 MHz, 5 MHz, and 7.5 MHz RS = 0.1 RL RS = 50 VS 0.54H DENORMALIZED SINGLE-ENDED EQUIVALENT fC = 1Hz EXAMPLE BASEBAND INTERFACE In most direct-conversion receiver designs, it is desirable to select a wanted carrier within a specified band. The desired channel can be demodulated by tuning the LO to the appropriate carrier frequency. If the desired RF band contains multiple carriers of interest, the adjacent carriers are also down converted to a lower IF frequency. These adjacent carriers can be problematic if they are large relative to the wanted carrier because they can overdrive the baseband signal detection circuitry. As a result, it is often necessary to insert a filter to provide sufficient rejection of the adjacent carriers. 433pF RL= 500 RS = 25 2 VS fC = 10.9MHz 0.27H BALANCED CONFIGURATION RL 2 = 250 RL = 250 2 433pF RS = 25 2 0.27H Figure 88. Second-Order Butterworth, Low-Pass Filter Design Example Rev. 0 | Page 26 of 36 07585-087 ADL5380 A complete design example is shown in Figure 91. A sixth-order Butterworth differential filter having a 1.9 MHz corner frequency interfaces the output of the ADL5380 to that of an ADC input. The 500 load resistor defines the input impedance of the ADC. The filter adheres to typical direct conversion W-CDMA applications where, 1.92 MHz away from the carrier IF frequency, 1 dB of rejection is desired, and, 2.7 MHz away from the carrier IF frequency, 10 dB of rejection is desired. Figure 89 and Figure 90 show the measured frequency response and group delay of the filter. 10 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 5 DELAY (ns) 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 MAGNITUDE RESPONSE (dB) FREQUENCY (MHz) 0 Figure 90. Sixth-Order Baseband Filter Group Delay -5 -10 -15 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 FREQUENCY (MHz) Figure 89. Sixth-Order Baseband Filter Response 07585-088 -20 Rev. 0 | Page 27 of 36 07585-089 ADL5380 RFIN BALUN 100pF 100pF VS 0.1F 100pF 24 23 22 21 20 19 GND3 18 GND2 17 QHI 16 VS RFIP GND3 RFIN GND3 VCC3 1 GND3 2 GND1 3 IHI 4 ILO 5 GND1 ADL5380 GND2 14 GND4 100pF NC 0.1F GND4 ENBL LOIN LOIP VS ADJ QLO 15 6 VCC1 VCC2 13 100pF 12 VS 0.1F 7 8 9 10 11 100pF BALUN 100pF LO_SE CAC 10F 27H CAC 10F 27H CAC 10F 27H CAC 10F 27H 270pF 270pF 27H 100pF 27H 27H 100pF 27H 10H 68pF 10H 10H 68pF 10H 500 ADC INPUT 500 ADC INPUT 07585-090 Figure 91. Sixth-Order Low-Pass Butterworth, Baseband Filter Schematic Rev. 0 | Page 28 of 36 ADL5380 As the load impedance of the filter increases, the filter design becomes more challenging in terms of meeting the required rejection and pass band specifications. In the previous W-CDMA example, the 500 load impedance resulted in the design of a sixth-order filter that has relatively large inductor values and small capacitor values. If the load impedance is 200 , the filter design becomes much more manageable. Figure 92 shows a fourth-order filter designed for a 10 MHz wide LTE signal. As shown in Figure 92, the resultant inductor and capacitor values become much more practical with a 200 load. 2.2H 1.5H Figure 93 and Figure 94 illustrate the magnitude response and group delay response of the fourth-order filter, respectively. 5 0 FREQUENCY RESPONSE (dB) -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 -35 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 07585-092 100pF 22pF 200 50 -40 07585-091 2.2H 1.5H FREQUENCY (MHz) Figure 92. Fourth-Order Low-Pass LTE Filter Schematic Figure 93. Fourth-Order Low-Pass LTE Filter Magnitude Response 60 50 GROUP DELAY (ns) 40 30 20 10 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 FREQUENCY (MHz) Figure 94. Fourth-Order Low-Pass LTE Filter Group Delay Response Rev. 0 | Page 29 of 36 07585-093 0 ADL5380 CHARACTERIZATION SETUPS Figure 95 to Figure 97 show the general characterization bench setups used extensively for the ADL5380. The setup shown in Figure 97 was used to do the bulk of the testing and used sinusoidal signals on both the LO and RF inputs. An automated Agilent VEE program was used to control the equipment over the IEEE bus. This setup was used to measure gain, IP1dB, IIP2, IIP3, I/Q gain match, and quadrature error. The ADL5380 characterization board had a 9-to-1 impedance transformer on each of the differential baseband ports to do the differential-tosingle-ended conversion, which presented a 450 differential load to each baseband port, when interfaced with 50 test equipment. For all measurements of the ADL5380, the loss of the RF input balun was de-embedded. Due to the wideband nature of the ADL5380, three different board configurations had to be used to characterize the product. For low band characterization (400 MHz to 3 GHz), the Mini-Circuits TC1-1-13 balun was used on the RF and LO inputs to create differential signals at the device pins. For midband characterization (3 GHz to 4 GHz), the Johanson Technology 3600BL14M050T was used, and for high band characterization (5 GHz to 6 GHz), the Johanson Technology 5400BL15B050E balun was used. The two setups shown in Figure 95 and Figure 96 were used for making NF measurements. Figure 95 shows the setup for measuring NF with no blocker signal applied while Figure 96 was used to measure NF in the presence of a blocker. For both setups, the noise was measured at a baseband frequency of 10 MHz. For the case where a blocker was applied, the output blocker was at a 15 MHz baseband frequency. Note that great care must be taken when measuring NF in the presence of a blocker. The RF blocker generator must be filtered to prevent its noise (which increases with increasing generator output power) from swamping the noise contribution of the ADL5380. At least 30 dB of attention at the RF and image frequencies is desired. For example, assume a 915 MHz signal applied to the LO inputs of the ADL5380. To obtain a 15 MHz output blocker signal, the RF blocker generator is set to 930 MHz and the filters tuned such that there is at least 30 dB of attenuation from the generator at both the desired RF frequency (925 MHz) and the image RF frequency (905 MHz). Finally, the blocker must be removed from the output (by the 10 MHz low-pass filter) to prevent the blocker from swamping the analyzer. SNS CONTROL FROM SNS PORT OUTPUT AGILENT N8974A NOISE FIGURE ANALYZER RF GND VPOS CHAR BOARD HP 6235A POWER SUPPLY LO 6dB PAD ADL5380 Q I R1 50 INPUT IEEE LOW-PASS FILTER AGILENT 8665B SIGNAL GENERATOR IEEE PC CONTROLLER Figure 95. General Noise Figure Measurement Setup Rev. 0 | Page 30 of 36 07585-095 ADL5380 BAND-PASS TUNABLE FILTER R&S SMT03 SIGNAL GENERATOR BAND-REJECT TUNABLE FILTER 6dB PAD RF GND VPOS CHAR BOARD HP 6235A POWER SUPPLY LO Q R1 50 LOW-PASS FILTER R&S FSEA30 SPECTRUM ANALYZER ADL5380 6dB PAD I 6dB PAD BAND-PASS CAVITY FILTER HP 87405 LOW NOISE PREAMP 07585-096 AGILENT 8665B SIGNAL GENERATOR Figure 96. Measurement Setup for Noise Figure in the Presence of a Blocker 3dB PAD RF AMPLIFIER RF IEEE 3dB PAD IN VP GND 3dB PAD R&S SMT06 AGILENT 11636A OUT 3dB PAD RF IEEE 6dB PAD RF IEEE GND VPOS CHAR BOARD AGILENT E3631 POWER SUPPLY LO 6dB PAD I 6dB PAD R&S SMT06 Q 6dB PAD SWITCH MATRIX ADL5380 IEEE AGILENT E8257D SIGNAL GENERATOR IEEE IEEE IEEE 07585-097 RF INPUT PC CONTROLLER R&S FSEA30 SPECTRUM ANALYZER HP 8508A VECTOR VOLTMETER Figure 97. General Characterization Setup Rev. 0 | Page 31 of 36 INPUT CHANNELS A AND B ADL5380 EVALUATION BOARD The ADL5380 evaluation board is available. There are two versions of the board, optimized for performance for separate frequency ranges. For operation <3 GHz, an FR4 material-based board with the TC1-1-13 balun footprint is available. For operation between 3 GHz to 6 GHz, a Rogers(R) material-based RO3003 board with the Johanson Technology 3600BL14M050 balun (optimal for operation between 3 GHz and 4 GHz) footprint is available. The Johanson Technology 5400BL15K050 shares the same footprint and can be used for operation between 4900 MHz to 5800 MHz. The board can be used for single-ended or differential baseband analysis. The default configuration of the board is for single-ended baseband analysis. RFx T3x C5x R19x VPOS C11x C8x 24 23 22 C12x R23x 21 20 19 VPOS RFIP GND3 RFIN GND3 VCC3 ADJ 1 GND3 GND1 IHI ILO GND1 VCC1 GND4 GND4 ENBL LOIN LOIP NC GND3 18 GND2 17 QHI R14x 16 IPx R17x T4x R5x R16x 2 3 R3x R18x T2x QPx C16x R15x R7x ADL5380 R6x QLO 15 GND2 14 VCC2 13 C7x R12x 4 5 C15x R13x INx R4x VPOS C9x QNx R2x VPOS C10x R10x 6 C6x 7 8 9 10 11 12 R9x R11x VPOS R1x C2x C1x C3x C4x T1x LOPx LO_SE LONx P1x VPOS NOTES 1. X = B, FOR LOW FREQUENCY OPERATION UP TO 3GHz, TC1-1-13 BALUN ON RF AND LO PORTS. X = A, FOR FREQUENCY OPERATION FROM 3GHz TO 4GHz, JOHANSON TECHNOLOGY 3600BL14M050 BALUN ON RF AND LO PORTS. 2. FOR OPERATION BETWEEN 4.9GHZ TO 6GHZ, THE JOHANSON TECHNOLOGY 5400BL15K050 BALUN, WHICH SHARES A SIMILAR FOOTPRINT AS THE 4GHZ BALUN, CAN BE USED. 07585-098 Figure 98. Evaluation Board Schematic Rev. 0 | Page 32 of 36 ADL5380 Table 5. Evaluation Board Configuration Options Component VPOSx, GNDx R10x, R12x, R19x C6x to C11x P1x, R11x, R9x, R1x R23x C1x to C5x, C12x R2x to R7x, R13x to R18x Description Power Supply and Ground Vector Pins. Power Supply Decoupling. Shorts or power supply decoupling resistors. The capacitors provide the required dc coupling up to 6 GHz. Device Enable. When connected to VS, the device is active. Adjust Pin. The resistor value here sets the bias voltage at this pin and optimizes third-order distortion. AC Coupling Capacitors. These capacitors provide the required ac coupling from 400 MHz to 4 GHz. Single-Ended Baseband Output Path. This is the default configuration of the evaluation board. R13x to R18x are populated for appropriate balun interface. R2x to R5x are not populated. Baseband outputs are taken from QHI and IHI. The user can reconfigure the board to use full differential baseband outputs. R2x to R5x provide a means to bypass the 9:1 TCM9-1 transformer to allow for differential baseband outputs. Access the differential baseband signals by populating R2x to R5x with 0 and not populating R13x to R18x. This way the transformer does not need to be removed. The baseband outputs are taken from the SMAs of QHI, QLO, IHI, and ILO. R6x and R7x are provisions for applying a specific differential load across the baseband outputs IF Output Interface. TCM9-1 converts a differential high impedance IF output to a single-ended output. When loaded with 50 , this balun presents a 450 load to the device. The center tap can be decoupled through a capacitor to ground. Decoupling Capacitors. C15x and C16x are the decoupling capacitors used to reject noise on the center tap of the TCM9-1. LO Input Interface. A 1:1 RF balun that converts the single-ended RF input to differential signal is used. Default Condition Not applicable R10x, R12x, R19x = 0 (0603) C6x, C7x, C8x = 100 pF (0402), C9x, C10x, C11x = 0.1 F (0603) P1x, R9x = DNI, R1x = DNI, R11x = 0 R23B = 1.5 k (0603), R23A = 200 (0603) C1x, C4x = DNI, C2x, C3x, C5x, C12x = 100 pF (0402) R2x to R7x = open, R13x to R18x = 0 (0402) T2x, T4x T2x, T4x = TCM9-1, 9:1 (Mini-Circuits) C15x, C16x T1x C15x, C16x = 0.1 F (0402) T1B = TC1-1-13, 1:1 (Mini-Circuits) for operation <3 GHz, T1A = Johanson Technology 3600BL14M050 for operation from 3 GHz to 4 GHz, Johanson Technology 5400BL15K050 for operation from 4900 MHz to 5800 MHz T3B = TC1-1-13, 1:1 (Mini-Circuits) for operation <3 GHz, T3A = Johanson Technology 3600BL14M050 for operation from 3 GHz to 4 GHz, Johanson Technology 5400BL15K050 for operation from 4900 MHz to 5800 MHz T3x RF Input Interface. A 1:1 RF balun that converts the single-ended RF input to differential signal is used. Rev. 0 | Page 33 of 36 ADL5380 07585-099 Figure 99. Low Band Evaluation Board Top Layer Figure 101. Low Band Evaluation Board Bottom Layer 07585-100 Figure 100. Midband/High Band Evaluation Board Top Layer Silkscreen Figure 102. Midband/High Band Evaluation Board Bottom Layer Silkscreen 12 mil. THERMAL GROUNDING AND EVALUATION BOARD LAYOUT The package for the ADL5380 features an exposed paddle on the underside that should be well soldered to a low thermal and electrical impedance ground plane. This paddle is typically soldered to an exposed opening in the solder mask on the evaluation board. Figure 103 illustrates the dimensions used in the layout of the ADL5380 footprint on the ADL5380 evaluation board (1 mil = 0.0254 mm). Notice the use of nine via holes on the exposed paddle. These ground vias should be connected to all other ground layers on the evaluation board to maximize heat dissipation from the device package. 25 mil. 23 mil. 82 mil. 12 mil. 19.7 mil. 98.4 mil. 133.8 mil. 07585-105 Figure 103. Dimensions for Evaluation Board Layout for the ADL5380 Package Under these conditions, the thermal impedance of the ADL5380 was measured to be approximately 30C/W in still air. Rev. 0 | Page 34 of 36 07585-102 07585-101 ADL5380 OUTLINE DIMENSIONS 4.00 BSC SQ 0.60 MAX 0.60 MAX 0.50 BSC 0.50 0.40 0.30 1.00 0.85 0.80 12 MAX 0.80 MAX 0.65 TYP 2.50 REF 0.05 MAX 0.02 NOM 0.20 REF COPLANARITY 0.08 19 18 EXPOSED PAD 24 1 PIN 1 INDICATOR 2.65 2.50 SQ 2.35 6 PIN 1 INDICATOR TOP VIEW 3.75 BSC SQ (BO TTOMVIEW) 13 12 7 0.23 MIN COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MO-220-VGGD-8 Figure 104. 24-Lead Lead Frame Chip Scale Package [LFCSP_VQ] 4 mm x 4 mm Body, Very Thin Quad (CP-24-3) Dimensions shown in millimeters ORDERING GUIDE Model ADL5380ACPZ-R7 1 ADL5380ACPZ-WP1 ADL5380-29A-EVALZ1 ADL5380-30A-EVALZ1 1 Temperature Range -40C to +85C -40C to +85C Package Description 24-Lead LFCSP_VQ 24-Lead LFCSP_VQ Mid Band (3 GHz to 4 GHz) Evaluation Board Low Band (400 MHz to 3 GHz) Evaluation Board Package Option CP-24-3 CP-24-3 082908-A SEATING PLANE 0.30 0.23 0.18 FOR PROPER CONNECTION OF THE EXPOSED PAD, REFER TO THE PIN CONFIGURATION AND FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS SECTION OF THIS DATA SHEET. Ordering Quantity 1,500, 7" Tape and Reel 64, Waffle Pack 1 1 Z = RoHS Compliant Part. Rev. 0 | Page 35 of 36 ADL5380 NOTES (c)2009 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. D07585-0-7/09(0) Rev. 0 | Page 36 of 36 |
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